What?! Endocrinology?!
(?_?)\
What comes
first in your mind when you hear the word “Endocrinology”? Definitely, you’ll
say that Endocrinology is simply the study of the Endocrine system. But that’s
right, it deals with the Endocrine system and also the secretions of its glands
called hormones.
Maybe
you’re wondering what chemistry had to do with you. Well, it do a lot! Your
body secretes its own chemicals and uses them to control definite functions,
and the main system that coordinates these chemicals is called the Endocrine system.
The
fundamentals of the Endocrine system are the glands and hormones. The endocrine
system is helpful in tissue function, regulating growth and development,
metabolism and mood, as well as reproductive process and sexual function.
In
general, the endocrine system is the one responsible for the different body
processes that happen slowly inside our body, such as cell growth. While,
faster processes like body movement and breathing are controlled by the nervous
system. However, even if the nervous system and endocrine system are separate
systems, they frequently act together to help the body function properly.
For the
mean time, we’ll just talk about the basic terminologies of the Endocrine
system, in order for us to understand the topic very well. And we won’t have a
hard time in absorbing all the information about the topic. We’ll take it
slowly but surely.. ;)
The endocrine system is composed of group of
glands which secrete hormones. They are
messengers formed by the body that transfer information from one cell or group
of cells to another to coordinate the functions of different parts of the body.
Hormones also control the way you respond to your environment, and they assist
to give the appropriate quantity of energy and nutrition.
Now, let’s talk
about the general parts of the Endrocrine system for us to know the different
organs and glands that function together to maintain the body in good state.
The major glands that build up the
human Endocrine system are the pituitary, hypothalamus, parathyroid, thyroid,
pineal body, adrenal, and the reproductive glands, which comprise the testes
and ovaries. Even the pancreas is also part of this system, even if it is also
associated with the digestive system. Still the endocrine glands are the main
hormone producers in the body, but some non-endocrine organs for example the heart,
brain, liver, placenta, lungs, thymus, kidney and skin also release and produce
hormones.
I prepare a summary of all the
glands of the Endocrine system with the hormone/s it secreted and its primary
action in order for us to appreciate it very well.. ;)
Endocrine
Gland
|
Hormone/s
Secreted
|
Primary
Action
|
Hypothalamus
|
a.) The
hypothalamus secretes two hormones: one that stimulates release and one that
inhibits release.
b.) Oxytocin
and Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
|
a.) Control the
function of the anterior pituitary gland
b.) Discharged
from pituitary gland
|
Anterior
portion of Pituitary Gland
|
a.) Corticotropin
b.) Thyrotropin
c.) Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
d.) Luteinizing
Hormone
e.) Prolactin
f.) Growth
Hormone
|
a.) Stimulates
release of adrenal hormones involved in stress reactions
b.) Stimulates
the discharge of thyroid hormones
c.) Kindles estrogen
discharge and follicle development in females; promote spermatogenesis in
males
d.) Stimulates
corpus luteum formation and ovulation in females; promotes testosterone
secretions in males
e.) Stimulates
and sustain milk production
f.) Promotes growth in juveniles and is responsible in glucose
and protein metabolism in adults
|
Posterior Pituitary
Gland
|
a.) Oxytocin
(manufactured in Hypothalamus)
b.) Antidiuretic
Hormone (Vasopressin)
|
a.) Causes
uterine contractions leading to birth
b.) Controls
water balance in the body
|
Thyroid
|
a.) Triiodothyronine and Tetraidothyronine or Thyroxine
b.) Calcitonin
|
a.) Regulates
carbohydrates and lipid metabolism
b.) Lowers
calcium levels in the body
|
Parathyroid
|
a.) Parathyroid
Hormone
|
a.) Elevates
calcium levels in the body
|
Cortex-Adrenal
|
a.) Glucocorticoids
b.) Mineralcorticoids
c.) Sex
Hormones
|
a.) Assist in controlling lipid and protein metabolism,
Elevates blood sugar level
b.) Promotes
sodium reabsorption in the kidney; salt and water balance
c.) Responsible
for general growth and sexual maturity
|
Medulla-Adrenal
|
a.) Epinephrine
b.) Norepinephrine
|
a.) Raises
force of heart contractions and rate, Elevates blood sugar level
b.) Supports
dilation as well as constriction of blood vessels
|
Testes
|
a.) Testosterone
|
a.) Key role in
spermatogenesis, development of genitals and secondary sex traits
|
Ovaries
|
a.) Progesterone
b.) Estrogen
|
a.) Prepares
and maintains uterine lining, stimulates the breast development
b.) Key role in
egg production, development of genitals and secondary sex traits
|
Pancreas
|
a.) Insulin
b.) Glucagon
|
a.) Lowers
blood sugar level
b.) Raises
blood sugar level
|
Thymus
|
a.) Thymosin
|
a.) Promote
development of infection-fighting abilities and lymphocyte function in immune
system
|
Pineal
|
a.) Melatonin
|
a.) Influences
daily biorhythm, sexual activity and sexual development
|
Here’s the picture of the Human
Endocrine System:
Image Credit: http://images.emedicinehealth.com/images/illustrations/endocrine_system.jpg
You can also watch this video to help you to understand the Human Endocrine System:
Video Credit: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2MxmrOUl0w&feature=related
You can also watch this video to help you to understand the Human Endocrine System:
Thank you for
your short time in reading my blog. I hope you learned a lot from my blog! Thanks!! God Bless!! ^_^\
References: Donald
Calbreath; Clinical Chemistry: A Fundamental Textbook
Michael Bishop; Clinical Chemistry: Techniques,
Principles and Correlations 6th edition
11:51 PM |
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